Most of the major underground mines in China are gradually transitioning to deep deposits. The deepening of the original shafts by the mines is one of the pioneering methods. The installation of wellbore equipment in the deep section of the shaft is limited by the installation of new shaft wellbore equipment. The comparison is very different, which puts higher requirements on the construction process.
1 Project Overview
1.1 Project Overview
Lijiawan net copper mine shaft having a diameter of 5m, the wellhead elevation + 54m, labeled bottom plateau -224m, deepening the bottom elevation of -365m, deep extension of 141m, to spray concrete supporting wall. The 4# single-layer double-vehicle cage and counterweight are equipped in the wellbore with a ladder room. The original middle section of -50, -100, -150, -200m4, the lowest middle section after extension is -350m. When the wellbore is deep-drilled, the hoisting and lifting are carried out by using the ladders. The horse-headed doors on both sides of the middle section of the -200m are arranged to stabilize the car and the winch for hanging suspension and other facilities.
The wellbore equipment in the extension section is consistent with the specifications and arrangement of the upper wellbore equipment, from the elevation of -206.5m to the bottom of the well, including: 6m layer of tank road beam, 6 channel steel combination tank road (including 4 cages) ), between the ladder line and a bottom metal support structure. The canal beam is fixed by bolts and pallets, and the spacing between the ladders is 6m.
Main contents of the assembly and disassembly project of the deep well section:
(1) Remove the original wedge-shaped canister joist, wedge-shaped tank road and most ladder platforms at the bottom of the original well -206.5~-224m.
(2) Install -206.5～-350.5m tank beam, ladder beam and pipe beam 24 layers, -350m below the wedge-shaped tank beam and ladder beam, a total of 30 layers.
(3) There are 6 combined steel tanks from -206.5 to -356.5m, with a total length of 900m, and 4 wedge-shaped wooden tanks at the bottom of the well, totaling 32.82m.
(4) Ladder platform, 26 floors and 27 ladders.
(5) Install Φ219mm×9mm pressure air duct, Φ159mm×6mm drain pipe and Φ89mm×4.5mm water supply pipe from -200～-350m.
1.2 Engineering Features
(1) The wellbore equipment in the deep section is carried out in the case of upper production and lower installation, which increases the great safety risk.
(2) The installation and positioning of the canister beam and the canister should pass through the measurement of the two-layer platform (measurement platform and protection platform), and higher accuracy requirements are required for the positioning measurement work.
(3) The wellbore in the deep section of the wellbore is sprayed and supported. The section size of the wellbore is not as regular as that of the cast-in-place wellbore. The actual length and design length of each layer of steel beam are different, which has an impact on the blanking and installation speed. .
(4) Some of the mounting parts are long in length and cannot be directly lowered by the cage. For example, the length of the combined steel tank can be up to 12m, and the lifting equipment can only be installed separately, and the production time of the mine is also occupied.
(5) The well is the main channel for the mine to enhance transportation. The installation, personnel, equipment, and the decentralization and upgrading of the tools must occupy the production time of the mines and affect the normal production of the mines.
(6) The installation of the wellbore equipment in the deep section is carried out almost in a closed state. The underground construction site has limited space, which adds a great safety risk to the construction.
(7) During the installation process of the deep well section, the bottom hole drainage should be maintained.
2 comparison and selection of operation methods
2.1 Introduction to the operation mode
There are two main types of operation for installation of wellbore equipment, namely one installation and several installations.
One installation is from the bottom of the well, using a multi-layer hanging plate (or hanging plate with a hanger) to fully complete the can beam, tank path and pipeline in the wellbore. The installation can be divided into two ways: one-stage cycle one-time installation method, which is to build 10 to 20 layers of continuous cans from bottom to top, install pipelines at the same time, and then install tank channels from bottom to top; The method is to complete all the equipment in one time in a wellbore equipped with a resin anchor to fix the wellbore.
The split installation can also be divided into two ways. Generally, all the tank beams and other steel beams in the well are installed on the hanging plate from the wellhead downward, and then the tank channel is installed on the hanger from the bottom of the well to be installed in the tank. After the completion, the pipeline is finally installed upward from the bottom of the well, which is referred to herein as the first-down and the upper-stage installation method. Under special circumstances, it is also possible to install all the tank beams, pipelines, etc. in the wellbore from the bottom of the well by using a multi-layer hanging plate, and then install the tank channel on the hanger from the bottom of the well, which is referred to herein as bottom-up. Installation method.
2.2 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages
For the above several wellbore equipment installation operations, compare the advantages and disadvantages:
(1) One-stage cyclic installation method. The advantage is that the utilization rate of working hours is high and the construction speed is fast; it is beneficial to improve the quality of the project. The disadvantage is that the work organization is more complicated; more equipment and facilities are needed; the hanging plate must have active folding pages and the structure is complicated.
(2) One-stage continuous installation method. The advantage is high working hours utilization rate and fast construction speed; it is beneficial to improve engineering quality. The disadvantage is that the work organization is complicated, but because of the use of resin anchors to fix the wellbore equipment, it provides favorable conditions for one installation; it requires more equipment and facilities; the hanging plate must have active folding pages and the structure is complicated.
(3) First down and then on the installation method. The advantages are simple and safe; adapt to any complex tank beam layout. The disadvantage is that the installation facilities need to be modified twice; the construction process is repeated and cumbersome; the construction time is long.
(4) The installation method is divided from the bottom up. The advantage is that the work organization is simple; the equipment facilities are relatively small. The disadvantage is that the installation facilities need to be modified once; the hanging trays must have active folding pages and the structure is complicated.
2.3 operation mode selection
According to the comparison of the above advantages and disadvantages and the characteristics of this project, it is considered that the layout of the wellbore deepening construction equipment and facilities is almost all underground, and the underground equipment is not limited by the site conditions. The upper part of the wellbore deepening section is installed and the production should be reduced. The safety risk of the operation makes the work organization simple, and should meet the requirements of the bottom and bottom drainage personnel. Therefore, the fourth operation method, that is, the bottom-up installation method is adopted.
3 wellbore equipment installation plan
3.1 Preparation before construction
3.1.1 Measures Engineering
(1) According to the hydrogeological conditions of the wellbore of the project, an electric submersible pump is installed at the bottom of the well, and the water in the bottom of the well is discharged into the temporary water tank built at the Matou Gate in the middle of -350m, and the horse head is in the middle of -350m. A D80-30×6 horizontal multistage centrifugal pump is installed on the temporary water tank, and the temporary drainage pipe used for drilling the wellbore is used to drain the water to the main water tank of the middle section of -200m, and then transferred to the surface.
(2) Install a 3t winch at the wellhead, and install a 3t winch at the middle of the -200m near the Matoumen. Use the following materials for lifting and lifting.
(3) Open 800×800 movable doors in the measurement platform below -200m and in the middle of the manual protection disk.
(4) Before the tank road is lowered from the surface, with the consent of the mine party, open the 500×400 movable door at the bottom of the tank cage and use the following tank release road. After the project is completed, it will be restored.
3.1.2 Construction preparation
(1) Count all the steel, pipe and metal components used in the wellbore equipment, and carry out anti-corrosion treatment according to the design requirements.
(2) According to the position of the 3~5 layer steel beam and tank road above the wellbore-200m horse head door, measure and determine the reference position of the steel beam and tank road installation in the deep section of the wellbore, and determine the arrangement and measurement point.
(3) Processing of multi-layer hangers, horizontal spacing feet, layer spacing feet and other special tools.
(4) Install the measuring small winch to the vertical line on the measuring platform.
3.2 mode of operation
According to the above, the deep well section equipment is equipped with a sub-installation operation method from bottom to top. For the first time: from the bottom of the well, use the double-layer hanging plate to install all the steel beams, ladder platforms, pipes, ladders and fences of the wellbore. During this period, the upper part of the wellbore is normally produced. The second time: from the bottom of the well, using a multi-layer hanger to install the tank road, this time requires the mine to stop production.
For the first time, working from the bottom of the well, the needs of the upper and lower drainage workers were considered. The pumpman can go down to the hanging plate through the bucket, and then drain down to the middle section of -350m through the installed ladder under the hanging plate, and then pass through the ladder room and the bucket when coming up.
3.3 Construction sequence
For the first time: install the drainage pump, connect the temporary air duct → install the working platform with the reference beam (-212.5m layer) → install the steel beams and fences and all the pipelines, ladder platforms and ladders below the protection plate from the bottom of the well.
The second time: dismantle the measuring platform, the original bottom wedge-shaped tank road and its joist, remove the protection plate, the hanging plate → modify the hanging plate as the hanger and hang it → install the wellbore from the bottom of the well to extend the deep canister → recovery-212 .5m above the fence → demolition of construction facilities.
3.4 Construction method
3.4.1 Material decentralization
(1) The engineering materials except the combined steel tanks are transported from the tanks to the exit yard of the Matoumen in the middle section of -200m, and are sorted and used.
(2) Steel ladders, fences and pipes are inserted into the cage from the top of the cage, and then placed in the middle of the -200m middle section of the Matoumen.

(3) Each layer of steel ladder, fence, pipe, etc. is hoisted down to the installation position by Φ1.2m in the -200m pump house, and the short steel beam is placed on the hanging plate by the hoisting bucket to be installed.
(4) After the 3t winch of the steel tank road is lifted, the top of the cage and the bottom movable door are hung from the bottom of the cage and lowered to the middle of the well-200m. Re-use the -200m middle section and take the 3t winch at the horse head door to the tank to the wellbore installation site, one at a time.
3.4.2 Installation of steel beams, ladders, pipes and fences Before installation, install the drainage facilities at the bottom of the well and connect the temporary supply pipes from -200m to the hanging plates for the purpose of anchoring the eyes.
First, build a scaffolding plank on the protective plate (-216.7m) and install a layer of precisely positioned reference beam at -212.5m.
According to the well equipment layout plan, six measuring vertical lines are placed in the well through the protection plate. It can then be installed layer by layer from the bottom of the well by means of double-layer hanging plates. The upper layer of the hanging plate can be used for anchoring the eye and temporarily placing the material to be installed. The lower part of the hanging plate is provided with a movable folding sheet. When the fan-shaped folding plate is laid flat, the person can perform the work of installing the steel beam on the upper part of the hanging plate, and the hanging plate can be lifted up when the fan-shaped folding plate is closed.
The installation sequence is: loading steel beam → installing ladder platform and ladder → loading pipeline → installing fence.
(1) Steel beam installation. The operation sequence is: anchoring rod eye → injection anchor rod → installation anchor bracket, pallet → steel beam. Firstly, the bolt eye is anchored. Since the steel beam in the wellbore is mainly fixed by the anchor plate, the anchor eye must be positioned accurately. The eye position should be fixed by layer-by-layer release. Pay attention to the eye depth and meet the requirements. After the anchor eye, the eye hole should be blown clean in time. Secondly, the anchor rod is installed, and the bolt anchoring material adopts a fast hard anchor rod roll. The operator first removes the rock powder and accumulated water in the hole, and the anchor rod is rolled into the water and immersed in the bottom of the anchor rod, and filled up to the orifice. The windshield is equipped with a special sleeve to send the anchor to the fundus. In order to facilitate the feeding of the bolt, the end of the bolt is specially processed into a slope. When the anchor rod is installed in the middle of the installation, it should be pulled out and reinstalled. After the anchor is installed, it must not be knocked or collided within the specified curing time. After installing the bracket and the pallet again, the steel beam bracket and the pallet can be installed on the lower working platform of the hanging plate after the anchor roller is solidified. Note that the bracket should be close to the wall of the well, and the gap should be dense according to the design requirements. The brackets and pallets should be level. In the final installation of the beam, the order of installation of the steel beam is: cage cage rail beam → balance hammer tank beam → ladder platform beam and pipe beam. The operator stands on the lower platform of the hanging plate, positions the beam according to the measuring vertical line, the spacing ruler and the layer distance ruler, and flattens the beam with the special equipment for installation, and connects the two ends to the pallet or other beam firmly. After each layer of steel beams is installed, the steel beam spacing should be reviewed and recorded. After each layer of steel beam is installed, the ladder platform and ladder of this layer can be installed.
(2) Pipe installation. The deep section of the well is arranged with pipes 3趟 between the wellbore pipes, which are respectively Φ219×9 pressure air pipes, Φ159×6 drainage pipes and Φ89×4.5 water supply pipes. The pipe in the deep section adopts the process of casing welding and lengthening. The guiding method of fastening the pipe to the steel beam by pipe clamp is adopted, and each pipe is at -248.5m, -296.5m and -344.5m. One straight pipe support is installed on each layer of the pipe beam. The pipeline is lifted by a 3m winch in the middle of the 200m. When the pipe is laid, the pipe should be inserted obliquely between the pipes. After the adjustment, the pipe clamp and the support can be welded. Note that the position of the fitting should be staggered from the tube beam. After each layer of pipe is installed, the fence can be installed.
3.4.3 Tank installation
First use the winch of -200m middle section to remove the measuring platform, the original bottom wedge-shaped wooden tank channel and joist, artificial protection plate, hanging plate, then modify the hanging plate as a hanger, and hang a hanger between the cages, and then use the hanging The rack is installed from the bottom up.
The construction sequence is installed from the bottom of the well. First, install 4 tank channels of the cage and then install 2 tank channels of the counterweight. After the tanks of the same container are installed, check the distance between the tanks with the spacing of the tanks. After the tank is installed, perform a full inspection. During the installation process, it should be noted that the joints of the two steel tanks should be located on the center line of the tank rail, and the deviation should not exceed 50mm; the joints of the two tanks should be 2~4mm; the two tanks of the same lifting container The joint position of the road shall not be located on the same beam.
3.5 auxiliary work
(1) Promotion. When the wellbore equipment is installed, the operator is lowered from the middle section of the -200m to the hanging plate by the bucket. The pumper climbs the ladder from the lower part of the ladder to the -350m horse head door pump. When the tank is installed, the operator goes up and down between the hanger and the installed ladder.
(2) Compressing gas and water supply. Using a pneumatic drill to anchor the anchor eye requires compressed air and water. The gas and water supply pipes are made of plastic pipes, and the pipe is connected from the wind pipe in the middle of the -200m to the hanging plate.
(3) Power supply and lighting. The power supply and lighting use the power supply equipment and lines set up during the deep excavation, and the cable for bottom hole drainage is connected from the middle section of -200m to the distribution block of the middle section of -350m.
(4) Ventilation. Use the ventilator and air duct used in the deep excavation of the wellbore.
(5) Signal and communication. The hanging plate (cradle) runs up and down, and the signal is operated by a signal worker on the hanging plate (cradle). A pair of telephones is placed between the hanging plate (suspension) and the middle section of -200m. In order to cope with an emergency, a pair of telephones between the surface wellhead and the middle section of -200m should be ensured to ensure normal communication.
4 Conclusion
There are many ways to install the wellbore equipment. It is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages and the actual conditions of the construction site to find the optimal solution. The wellbore deep-deep wellbore equipment adopts the operation mode from bottom to top, which meets the current situation of underground mines, ensures the normal production of the upper part of the wellbore, solves the problem of bottomhole drainage, has simple construction organization and safe and reliable construction.
The disassembly and assembly of the wellbore equipment in the deep section of the shaft took a total of 51 days. No personal or equipment accidents occurred during the construction, and the project has passed the acceptance and the project quality is excellent. The construction of the wellbore equipment in the deep section of the Lijiawan copper mine has a good reference for similar mines.
references:
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