What is the production method of H-beam?
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June 21 09:29:44, 2025
H-beams can be manufactured through either welding or rolling processes. In the case of welded H-beams, strips of appropriate thickness and width are cut and then welded together on a continuous welding unit to form the flanges and web. However, this method is associated with significant drawbacks, such as high material consumption, difficulty in ensuring consistent product performance, and limitations in size specifications. Consequently, H-beams are predominantly produced via the rolling method. In modern steel production facilities, universal rolling mills are typically employed for rolling H-beams. During this process, the web is rolled between the upper and lower horizontal rolls, while the flanges are simultaneously shaped between the edges of the horizontal rolls and the vertical rolls. Since the universal rolling mill alone cannot fully flatten the flange edges, an edge rolling machine, often referred to as a "flanging machine," is positioned after the universal stand to press down the flange edges and regulate their width. In practice, these two stands are often operated as a single unit, with the rolling stock being passed back and forth multiple times (as shown in Figure 2a) or through several universal stands followed by one or two flanging stands. Each pass in the continuous rolling line involves a specific reduction amount to transform the billet into the desired shape and size. At the flange portion of the rolling piece, the wear on the rolls is relatively high due to the friction between the side of the horizontal roll and the rolling piece. To ensure that the rolls can be restored to their original shape after heavy use, the sides of the upper and lower horizontal rolls of the roughing mill and the corresponding vertical rolls are inclined at an angle of 3° to 8°. Furthermore, to adjust the inclination angle of the finished flange, a finishing universal rolling mill, also called a finishing universal stand, is installed. The side of the horizontal roll is either perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal roll or has a slight inclination, usually no more than 20', while the vertical roll remains cylindrical (Figure 2d).
When H-beams are rolled using a universal rolling mill, the cross-section of the rolled piece can be extended more evenly, and the speed difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the flange is minimized, reducing internal stresses and surface defects in the final product. By appropriately adjusting the reduction amounts of the horizontal and vertical rolls of the universal rolling mill, H-beams of various specifications can be produced. The design of the rolls in a universal rolling mill is straightforward, durable, and results in significantly reduced roll wear. The primary advantage of using a universal rolling mill for H-beam production lies in its versatility within the same dimensional series. Only the thickness of the web and flange needs to vary, while the dimensions of all other parts remain constant. Thus, a single universal rolling pass can produce a wide range of H-beam specifications with varying web and flange thicknesses, providing users with numerous options to select from.
In situations where a universal rolling mill is unavailable, an alternative approach involves adding a vertical roll frame to a conventional two-high rolling mill to create a universal pass for rolling H-beams. This method, however, yields products with lower dimensional accuracy, making it challenging to achieve a perfect right angle between the flange and web. Additionally, the cost is higher, and the range of available specifications is narrower. Due to these limitations, rolling H-beams for structural columns using this method is particularly challenging, leading to limited user adoption.