Open-pit mining is the use of mining equipment to remove the cover and surrounding rock of the ore body under open conditions to gradually expose the ore body and develop transportation and stripping. Its pioneering methods of transportation by road to open up transport, railways open up transport, road - railway jointly developing transport, road (or narrow-gauge) - Ramp lifting jointly developing transport, road (or narrow-gauge) - adit jointly developing transport, road - The crushing station-tape machine jointly develops transportation, self-slip-slope hoisting and joint development and transportation. Weathered shell mines and sand mines are mostly transported by water and water.

China's large and medium-sized lithium antimony ore is a representative open pit mine: Xinjiang Coco Tuohai Lithium Mine is a large open pit mine. Because of the obvious zoning of ore-bearing granite pegmatite, it is taken by mechanical zoning. The interior of the stope is developed by a return route, and the stripping adopts a parallel advancement mode of the working face. After the blasting, the ore is first hand-selected in the stope, and then classified and sent to the plant for processing. The total annual stripping capacity of the mine is 1100~1200kt, and the efficiency of the electric shovel is 552t/m3·tai·class. It is the most advanced open pit of the lithium strontium mine in China.

Niobium-tantalum ore open pit mine representative Jiangxi Yichun Ta-Nb ore, niobium-tantalum ore Shicheng, Guangxi chestnut tiger head tantalum and niobium ore, niobium, tantalum Guangdong, Thailand and the United States and other primary ore. Among them, Yichun Antimony Mine is the largest open-pit mine in China, with a daily processing capacity of 1500t ore and an average stripping ratio of 0.44. The height of the working step is 10m and the minimum working platform is 30~35m wide. The ore is loaded with a 4m3 electric shovel and transported to the plant by a combined method of car-sliding-motor. The diameter of the mine is 2.5m and the depth is 287m. The wellhead is equipped with a 100mm×700mm sieve and a pneumatic crusher. The large sieve is crushed by a crusher, the mine is discharged into the mine, and the 14t motor vehicle is used to pull the 855m main plane. The 窿 and Fuwai railways were transported to the plant. The mine had a mine depletion rate of 0.75% in 1992, a loss rate of 0.023%, and an open-pit mining cost of 27 yuan/t.

Weathered shell ore and sand mine are generally mined by water and water transportation, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low investment, easy relocation, simple maintenance and low labor intensity. Mines that exploit weathering crust and alluvial sand mines in China, such as Guangdong Taimeiyu Mine and Yonghanhan Mine, are stripped by bulldozers, water guns, and 20.24cm sand pumps. The water gun has a diameter of 38mm, an outlet pressure of 0.6kPa, and a daily mining ore of 600 to 1200t.

Underground mining mainly uses shallow hole retention mining methods. At present, underground mining mines are mainly strontium deposits, such as the Lishu Shuixi Miao Mine in Guangxi, the Altay 钽铌 Mine in Xinjiang, the Hengfeng Mine in Jiangxi, and the Hengshan Mine in Guangdong. The Shuiximiao Mine uses flank shafts to develop. The mining method is the segmental empty field method, the retention method and the comprehensive method. The mining depletion rate is 10% to 17%, the loss rate is 7% to 16%, and the mining cost is about 15 yuan/t. . The mining method of Altay Mine is shallow hole retention method, chute-pingyu-motor vehicle transportation, mining depletion rate is 2.8%, loss rate is 3.2%, mining direct cost is 14.64 yuan/t, and transportation cost is 31.21 yuan/t. The Hengfeng Mine is mined by the shallow hole retention method, the flat motor vehicle is transported in the pit, and the dump truck is transported outside the pit. The Hengshan mine is mined by caving, the transportation cost of the car is 13.22 yuan/t, and the cost of transporting the mine is 2.51 yuan/t.

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