Small agricultural pumps are essential tools for rural irrigation and spring planting, serving as the primary machinery for water supply and drainage. However, during operation, these pumps may experience failures or damage, which can prevent normal pumping. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly repair and adjust the pump to troubleshoot any issues that arise. If the pump fails to start, the first step is to check the power supply. Ensure that all connections are secure, switches are properly closed, and fuses are intact. Also, verify that the three-phase power is balanced—ideally within a range of +10% to -5% of the rated voltage. If there is an open circuit, poor contact, a blown fuse, or a missing phase, the cause must be identified and repaired immediately. Next, inspect the pump itself for mechanical problems, such as overly tight packing, debris between the impeller and pump casing, rusted shafts or bearings, or severe shaft bending. To resolve these issues, loosen the packing, clear the flow channels, disassemble the pump to remove debris, and replace or straighten damaged components as needed. Overheating in electric motors can occur due to several reasons. First, power-related issues include high or low voltage, unbalanced three-phase voltage (exceeding 5% imbalance), or single-phase operation. It’s estimated that over 85% of motor burnouts in agriculture result from single-phase operation, so a phase-loss protection device should be installed. Second, improper pump selection or prolonged overload can lead to excessive heat. Frequent starting without proper thermal protection also contributes to overheating. Third, internal motor issues like incorrect wiring, short circuits, damaged rotors, or faulty ventilation systems can cause overheating. Fourth, environmental factors such as high ambient temperature, moisture, or dust on the windings can reduce insulation and increase temperatures. Regular maintenance, including cleaning, drying, and checking insulation resistance, is important. If the environment is too hot, shading or cooling measures should be implemented. It's important to note that electrical faults should only be handled by qualified electricians. Attempting repairs without proper training can lead to serious accidents. Pump overheating can also stem from bearing damage, misalignment, excessive belt tension, insufficient lubrication, or blocked impeller balance holes. Solutions include replacing bearings, adjusting alignment, tightening belts, adding clean grease, and clearing blockages. Insufficient flow may result from low speed, belt slippage, improper blade angle, long or bent pipes, partial blockages, or leaks. Adjustments such as restoring speed, repositioning the pump, sealing leaks, and replacing impellers can help restore performance. Poor water intake can occur due to air leaks, improper valve closure, or vacuum pump leakage. To address this, fill the pump with water before starting, check for leaks in valves and piping, and ensure the packing is tight. Leaks can be temporarily fixed with sealants or tightened nuts, while more serious issues require replacement or realignment. Severe vibration is often caused by rotor imbalance, faulty couplings, worn bearings, loose parts, or weak pipe supports. Remedies include balancing, repairing, reinforcing, straightening, or replacing affected components. By regularly maintaining and addressing these common issues, farmers can ensure their small agricultural pumps operate efficiently and last longer. (Ma Xiangqin)

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