"Iron cattle" planting increased yield and efficiency

On June 15th, farmers were busy planting rice in Nanzhao District of Chenzhou City. “Looking at the effect of the demonstration plots in increasing production, many farmers chose to use mechanical transplants this year.” The person in charge of the Nanxi District Agricultural Machinery Bureau told reporters that the planting area of ​​this area reached 70,000 mu this year, which is more than double the machine transplant last year. the above.

In the area where the villagers of the Weisong village group in the town of Longji Village in the district was set up, the seedlings that had been inserted for more than ten days had already begun to be planted, and they were full of greenery. Yu Jiawen, director of the village, said: "Machine transplanting planting, worry and effort." He calculated an account for reporters: ask people to plant oysters, every day to 130 yuan per worker, he would also like to buy seed, seedlings. And robots should be transplanted, as long as 200 yuan per mu, seeds, seedlings and other things do not have to worry about.

“This year, the province has arranged a total of 8 million mu of transplanted rice seedlings, an increase of 2 million mu over the previous year.” Wang Lin, deputy director of the Agriculture Bureau of the Provincial Agriculture Commission, said that rice is one of the three major crops in our province, and it is also the main subject of autumn crops. It is directly related to stable food production and high yield. To this end, our province implemented a rice raising campaign. An important part of this is the promotion of rice transplanting technology to raise the level of rice production.

"Compared with artificial rice transplanter, machine-transplanted rice seedlings are precise, transplanting quality is good, plant spacing and row spacing are uniform; with machine-planting seedlings, dry seedling seedlings are used, the survival rate after planting is high, the tillering is strong, and the effective panicles are many, and the yield can be increased by about 50 kg per mu. The director of the Department of Science and Education, Provincial Agricultural Machinery Bureau, Cheng Xiaofen said.

In the shortage of rural labor today, the high efficiency of machine transplants is particularly important. Cheng Xiaofen introduced that artificial rice transplants planted one acre per person per day, and the efficiency of mechanical transplanting can be increased by several dozen times. The walk-in transplanter can insert 30 mu a day, and a high-speed rice transplanter can insert 80 mu to 100 mu per day. Machine transplants are much cheaper than labor. This year, machine transplants will cost about 70 yuan per mu, which will save nearly half of the 130 yuan per mu of artificial transplants.

For this reason, in the purchase subsidy policy, our province has also tilted to the rice transplanter, and the subsidy rate can generally reach 40%. "For example, a KUBOTA rice transplanter with a price of 100,000 yuan, the subsidy amount can reach 40,000 yuan." Yu Shizhu, deputy director of the Provincial Bureau of Agricultural Machinery, introduced that the province's rice transplanter has reached 18,000 units.

Industrialization of unified education is the key to promoting machine transplants. On June 8th, in Hetang Village, Yaopu Township, Luzhou Town, Zhangzhou Guosheng Company, the full-scale mechanized demonstration base of 10,000 mu plant, the agricultural expert of China Agricultural University Zhang Heping unveiled the corner of non-woven covering the seedbed. Green silk, green and tender seedlings appeared in front of reporters. He pressed his finger to press the seedlings and told the reporter: "The seedlings can be bounced immediately after being pressed with a finger, indicating that they are stout and there is no force behind them; there are no spots on the leaves, indicating that the seedlings covered with non-woven cloth are insect-free. Avoid the occurrence of leaf sheath blight after transplanting the field.”

"Begin to start early" helpless "step small"

Promotion and transplanting has been in our province for more than a decade, but the starting point is not great. "At present, our province's machine transplants account for only 23.5%, which is a lot lower than the national figure of 28%. It is far below 80% in the Northeast and 50% in Jiangsu," said Cheng Xiaofen.

Nanling District Agricultural Machinery Bureau deputy director Liu Lixiang told reporters that this year's Nanji District, farming machine, machine yield reached 98%, 99%, respectively, while the machine transplanting area although increased compared to last year, but the machine interpolation rate is only about 20%.

The technology is mature and there are many benefits of machine transplants, promotion is slow, what are the reasons? Cheng Xiaofen believes that machine-planting seedlings have a high demand for seedlings, and they must implement drought-fed seedlings. During the education process, the temperature, humidity and soil are strictly required. Professional and technical personnel are required to provide guidance. The seedlings that the average peasant has home-grown cannot meet the requirements and cannot be machined. This requires the vigorous implementation of industrialized breeding and the provision of seedlings for farmers. However, at present, the factory's chemical breeding industry has just started. The majority of farmers still raise their own oysters and become the largest “stumbling block” on the road.

Another reason is that machine transplants have high requirements for water sources and water construction is lagging behind. Zhang Heping said that in addition to the high requirements for the flatness of the fields, machine transplants also need sufficient water. During the land preparation, the ground should be filled with water, and the excess water in the ground should be let off before transplanting, leaving only a thin layer of “melon water”. If there is more water left, the mechanically inserted seedlings will float easily. It is not easy to survive. After the seedlings are inserted for 5 days to 7 days, a second irrigation is required. However, Nanxun District has a large area of ​​hills and hills, and the development of water conservancy is unbalanced. It is difficult to meet the demand for large-scale transplanting of water.

The low efficiency of the farmers' purchase of rice transplanters and the slow recovery costs are also an important factor contributing to planting transplants. In the interview, the reporter learned that farmers need to buy a high-speed transplanter that is about 70000 yuan. If you rely on only a few acres of your own family, it is not worthwhile for the agricultural operators. In addition, due to the influence of many factors such as childbirth, planting, and water sources, the operation time is limited, transplanting operators can only adopt reservation-based services, thus affecting the enthusiasm of the purchase of agricultural machinery.

Solve puzzles and seek breakthroughs

Talking about transplanting last year, Sun Xiubao, a large grain farmer in Shahe Town, Nanxun District, has an extra guilty: “Last year, I planted two hundred acres of rice, and I could not find artificial planting everywhere. I was so anxious to get together. This year I bought a hand-held rice transplanter. 100 acres of rice, do not ask people, planted in a few days."

Sun Xiubao's experience shows that, in addition to increasing production and economy, and complying with the changes in the structure of rural labor force and the need for large-scale agricultural transplants, it actually has broad application prospects. According to the plan, the rice planting rate in our province will reach 40% by 2015, which means that it will be difficult to increase more than 10% in 3 years.

“The most important thing is to increase the subsidy and look for breakthroughs in the two directions of operation and construction of the Yushu factory.” Cheng Xiaofen suggested that the farmers should be given a subsidy of RMB 20-30 per mu to mobilize the enthusiasm of the farmers to use mechanical transplanting.

“In order to build more breeding facilities, we recommend selecting large households and agricultural cooperatives, supporting them in the development of the Yujing plant, and gradually letting the plant seedlings replace the farmers' own education, so as to promote obstacle removal.” Yu Shizhu said that this year our province has specifically 30 million yuan will be used for the demonstration of factory-standard standardized breeding in 30 counties.

In Nanji District, more than four thousand mu of Yujing plants have been established in the locality to provide order services for seed production, seedling raising, transportation, and planting and other orders for large grain producers and other farmers. Farmers can order according to planting variety, area and time. Seedlings, rice transplants and other services. This move effectively solved the technical difficulties of a household in the production of seedlings, planting and other production links.

Strengthening the construction of water conservancy facilities, providing reliable and timely water source guarantees, as well as accelerating land circulation and realizing large-scale production, is an important guarantee for increasing the machine plug-in rate of rice. “Machine transplanting can only highlight its advantages when it is scaled, so we strongly adjust the village to promote rural development.” Cheng Xiaofen introduced, Fengtai adopts the “company + farmers”, “cooperatives + farmers” and other models, the whole village to promote machine transplanting, both for The farmers provided one-stop services and solved the uneconomic problems in small-scale advancement. This year, the county's machine transplanting area reached 115,000 mu, and 11 villages have achieved the whole village advancement.

Pushing machine transplants must continue to increase support and stimulate farmers to purchase machinery. “At the level of 40% machine transplanting, the current 18,000 machines are far from enough, and the number of machines must be greatly increased.” Yu Shizhu suggested that while strengthening the subsidy policy, the formation of cooperatives should reduce the risk of purchases, increase the income of farmers, and mobilize farmers. The enthusiasm for purchasing machinery. (Reporter Zhou Lianshan Shi Li)